Keywords
Community pharmacists, Hospital pharmacists, Job Satisfaction. Job related-stress, Palestine
How to Cite
Khdour, M., Sirhan, J., & Hallak, H. (2021). Assessment of job satisfaction and job related stress among pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine . Al-Quds Journal for Natural Sciences, 1(1). Retrieved from https://aquja.alquds.edu/index.php/science/article/view/20
Abstract
Job satisfaction is considered one of the essential factors contributing to a person’s motivation, productivity and overall well-being, the present study aimes to assess job satisfaction and job-related stress levels among pharmacists that are currently registered and practicing in Palestine. we report a cross-sectional survey, including measures of satisfaction and stress (Health Professions Stress Inventory) questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and one way ANOVAs. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Out of 694 questionnaires distributed, 576 were returned; 14 were not completed and excluded from analysis giving a net of 554 (79.8%) participants. Most of the respondents in the analysis sample were female (58.3%) working in community pharmacies (73.6%). The level of job satisfaction was 58.5%, the variables that contributed to the statistically significant, di"erences in the degree of job satisfaction were the region (p<0.001) and the monthly income (p<0.001). The t-tests and ANOVA analyses revealed that hospital pharmacists were the least likely to respond that job conflicts with family responsibility as a source of stress compared with community pharmacists (3.11 vs 2.14; p<0.001) and least likely scores in the professional recognition domain (3.21 vs. 2.79; p =0.04), respectively. Other job stressors like excessive work load, lack of promotion opportunities and poor physician pharmacists’ relationship have also been reported. Work life of pharmacists should be enhanced in order to improve their motivation and ability, because failure to reduce stress among workers puts both pharmacists and patients at risk
References
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27- Maio V, Goldfarb NI, Hartmann CW.Pharmacists’ job satisfaction: variation by practice setting. P T Journal. 2004; 29(3):184–90
28- Hassell K. Destinations, future intentions and views on practice of British-based pharmacists 5 and 10 years after qualifying. Pharm World Sci. 2006; 28(3):116–22.
29- Liu, C.S. and L. White, Key determinants of hospital pharmacy staff's job satisfaction. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2011. 7(1): p. 51-63.
30- Johnson, S.J., et al. The relationships among work stress, strain and self-reported errors in UK community pharmacy. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2014. 10(6): p. 885-95.
31- Cox ER, Fitzpatrick V. Pharmacists’ job satisfaction and perceived utilization of skills. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1733-7
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33- Seston, E., et al., Exploring the relationship between pharmacists' job satisfaction, intention to quit the profession, and actual quitting. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2009. 5(2): p. 121-32.
34- Marzieh. M, et al., Quality of Life and Job Satisfaction of Dispensing Pharmacists Practicing in Tehran Private-sector Pharmacies. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2012. 4: p. 1039-1044.
35- Salameh, P. and I. Hamdan, Pharmacy manpower in Lebanon: An exploratory look at work-related satisfaction. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2007. 3(3): p. 336-50
36- Nordin, M. & Nordin, S. 2013. Psychometric evaluation and normative data of the Swedish version of the 10-item perceived stress scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54, 502-507
37- Doody. T, An Explorative Study Into Work-Related Stress Among Community Pharmacists In Ireland. School Of Business, National College Of Ireland, 2012.
38- Austin Z, Gregory P, Martin J. Pharmacists’ experience of conflict in community practice. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2010;6(1):39–48.
39- Resnik DB, Ranelli PL, Resnik SP. The conflict between ethics and business in community pharmacy: what about patient counseling? J Bus Ethics. 2000; 28(2):179–86.
40- Bond C, Matheson C, Williams S, Williams P, Donnan P. Repeat prescribing: a role for community pharmacists in controlling and monitoring repeat prescriptions. Br J Gen Pract. 2000; 50(453):271–5.
41- Mukattash TL, Hayajneh WA, Ibrahim SM, Ayoub A, Ayoub N, Jarab AS, Khdour M, Almaaytah A. Prevalence and nature of off-label antibiotic prescribing for children in a tertiary setting: A descriptive study from Jordan. Pharmacy Practice. 2016 Sep 29; 14(3):725-30
42- Khdour MR, Hallak HO, Aldeyab MA, Nasif MA, Khalili AM, Dallashi AA, Khofash MB, Scott MG. Impact of antimicrobial stewardship programme on hospitalized patients at the intensive care unit: a prospective audit and feedback study. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2018 Apr; 84(4):708-15.
43- Tahaineh L, Wazaify M, Albsoul-Younes A, Khader Y, Zaidan M. Perceptions, experiences and expectations of physicians in hospital settings in Jordan regarding the role of the pharmacist. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2009; 5(1):63–70
44- Slimane, N.S.B., Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Pharmacists in Four Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Health Management, 2017. 19(1): p. 39-72.
45- Allenet B, Barry H. Opinion and behaviour of pharmacists towards the substitution of branded drugs by generic drugs: survey of 1,000 French community pharmacists. Pharm World Sci.2003; 25(5):197–202
46- Chew L, Young T, Hazlet T, Bradely K, Maynard C, Lessler D. A physician survey of the effect of drug sample availability on physicians’ behavior. J Gen Int Med. 2000; 15(7):478–83.
2- Sansgiry S, Ngo C. Factors affecting job satisfaction among hospital pharmacists. Hosp Pharm. 2003;38(11):1037–46
3- Ferguson J, Ashcroft D, Hassell K. Qualitative insights into job satisfaction and dissatisfaction with management among community and hospital pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2011 Sep 1;7(3):306-16.
4- Desselle SP, Peirce GL. The intersection of job satisfaction and preceptor
development: opportunities for academic pharmacy programs. Am J Pharm Educ. 2011; 75:171?
5- Saari LM, Judge TA. Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Hum Resour Manag. 2004; 43:395-407.
6- Kreling DH, Doucette WR, Mott DA, Gaither CA, Pedersen CA, Schommer JC.
Community pharmacists' work environments: evidence from the 2004 national
pharmacist workforce study. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2006; 46:331-339.
7- Mukattash TL, Alzoubi KH, Abu El‐Rub E, Jarab AS, Al‐Azzam SI, Khdour M, Shara M, Al Hamarneh YN. Prevalence of non‐adherence among psychiatric patients in Jordan, a cross sectional study. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2016 May;24(3):217-21.
8- Mott DA, Doucette WR, Gaither CA, Pedersen CA, Schommer JC. Pharmacists'
attitudes toward worklife: results from a national survey of pharmacists. J Am
Pharm Assoc. 2004; 44:326-336.
9- Faragher EB, Cass M, Cooper CL. The relationship between job satisfaction and
health: a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med. 2005; 62:105
10- Keil, R.M.K., 2004. Coping and stress: a conceptual analysis. J. Adv. Nurs. 45, 659–665.
11- Edwards, D., Burnard, P., 2003. A systematic review of stress and stress management interventions for mental health nurses. J. Adv. Nurs. 42, 169–200.
12- Stafford-Brown, J., Pakenham, K.I., 2012. The effectiveness of an ACT informed
intervention for managing stress and improving therapist qualities in clinical
psychology trainees. J. Clin. Psychol. 68, 513–592.
13- Felton JS. Burnout as a clinical entity—its importance in health care workers. Occup Med. 2000; 48:237–50.
14- Firth-Cozens J, Payne R. Stress in health professionals. Chichester: Wiley; 1999.
15- McNeely E. The consequences of job stress for nurses’ health: time for a check-up. Nurs Outlook. 2005; 53:291–9.
16- Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Stress: It’s not just patients who get stressed…Leaflet produced by the Benevolent Fund (2006).
17- Herzog AC. Conflict resolution in a nutshell: tips for everyday nursing. SCI Nurs. 2010; 17:162–6.
18- Herzog AC. Conflict resolution in a nutshell: tips for everyday nursing. SCI Nurs. 2010; 17:162–6.
19- Austin Z, Gregory P, Martin J. Pharmacists’ experience of conflictin community practice. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2010; 6(1):39–48.
20- Kalvemark S, Hoglund A, Hansson M, Westerholm P, Arnetz B.Living with conflicts–ethical dilemmas and moral distress in health care system. Social Sci Med. 2004; 58(6):1075–84
21- Smith W, Ray M, Shannon D. Physicians’ expectations of pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002; 59:50–7
22- Snyder ME, Zillich AJ, Primack BA, Rice KR, McGiveny MS, Pringle JL, Smith RB. Exploring successful community pharmacist–physician collaborative working relationships using mixed methods. 2010;6(4):307–23
23- McCann L, Hughes CM, Adair CG, Cardwell C. Assessing job satisfaction and stress among pharmacists in Northern Ireland. Pharm World Sci. 2009; 31(2):188–94
24- Wolfgang AP. The health professions stress inventory. Psychol Rep. 1988; 62:220–2.
25- Al Khalidi D, Wazaify M. Assessment of pharmacists' job satisfaction and job related stress in Amman. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013; 35: 821 e828.
26- Munger MA, Gordon E, Hartman J, Vincent K, Feehan M. Community pharmacists' occupational satisfaction and stress: a profession in jeopardy? J Am Pharm Assoc. 2013; 53:282-296.
27- Maio V, Goldfarb NI, Hartmann CW.Pharmacists’ job satisfaction: variation by practice setting. P T Journal. 2004; 29(3):184–90
28- Hassell K. Destinations, future intentions and views on practice of British-based pharmacists 5 and 10 years after qualifying. Pharm World Sci. 2006; 28(3):116–22.
29- Liu, C.S. and L. White, Key determinants of hospital pharmacy staff's job satisfaction. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2011. 7(1): p. 51-63.
30- Johnson, S.J., et al. The relationships among work stress, strain and self-reported errors in UK community pharmacy. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2014. 10(6): p. 885-95.
31- Cox ER, Fitzpatrick V. Pharmacists’ job satisfaction and perceived utilization of skills. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:1733-7
32- Yen-Ju Lin, B., Y.-C. Yeh, and W.-H. Lin. The Influence of Job Characteristics on Job Outcomes of Pharmacists in Hospital, Clinic, and Community Pharmacies. Journal of Medical Systems, 2007. 31(3): p. 224-229.
33- Seston, E., et al., Exploring the relationship between pharmacists' job satisfaction, intention to quit the profession, and actual quitting. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2009. 5(2): p. 121-32.
34- Marzieh. M, et al., Quality of Life and Job Satisfaction of Dispensing Pharmacists Practicing in Tehran Private-sector Pharmacies. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2012. 4: p. 1039-1044.
35- Salameh, P. and I. Hamdan, Pharmacy manpower in Lebanon: An exploratory look at work-related satisfaction. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2007. 3(3): p. 336-50
36- Nordin, M. & Nordin, S. 2013. Psychometric evaluation and normative data of the Swedish version of the 10-item perceived stress scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54, 502-507
37- Doody. T, An Explorative Study Into Work-Related Stress Among Community Pharmacists In Ireland. School Of Business, National College Of Ireland, 2012.
38- Austin Z, Gregory P, Martin J. Pharmacists’ experience of conflict in community practice. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2010;6(1):39–48.
39- Resnik DB, Ranelli PL, Resnik SP. The conflict between ethics and business in community pharmacy: what about patient counseling? J Bus Ethics. 2000; 28(2):179–86.
40- Bond C, Matheson C, Williams S, Williams P, Donnan P. Repeat prescribing: a role for community pharmacists in controlling and monitoring repeat prescriptions. Br J Gen Pract. 2000; 50(453):271–5.
41- Mukattash TL, Hayajneh WA, Ibrahim SM, Ayoub A, Ayoub N, Jarab AS, Khdour M, Almaaytah A. Prevalence and nature of off-label antibiotic prescribing for children in a tertiary setting: A descriptive study from Jordan. Pharmacy Practice. 2016 Sep 29; 14(3):725-30
42- Khdour MR, Hallak HO, Aldeyab MA, Nasif MA, Khalili AM, Dallashi AA, Khofash MB, Scott MG. Impact of antimicrobial stewardship programme on hospitalized patients at the intensive care unit: a prospective audit and feedback study. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2018 Apr; 84(4):708-15.
43- Tahaineh L, Wazaify M, Albsoul-Younes A, Khader Y, Zaidan M. Perceptions, experiences and expectations of physicians in hospital settings in Jordan regarding the role of the pharmacist. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2009; 5(1):63–70
44- Slimane, N.S.B., Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Pharmacists in Four Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Health Management, 2017. 19(1): p. 39-72.
45- Allenet B, Barry H. Opinion and behaviour of pharmacists towards the substitution of branded drugs by generic drugs: survey of 1,000 French community pharmacists. Pharm World Sci.2003; 25(5):197–202
46- Chew L, Young T, Hazlet T, Bradely K, Maynard C, Lessler D. A physician survey of the effect of drug sample availability on physicians’ behavior. J Gen Int Med. 2000; 15(7):478–83.